Naturalization

Generally, a lawful permanent resident who is at least 18 years old, has been a green card holder for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen), has continuously resided in the U.S., and meets other requirements like good moral character and English proficiency.

Continuous residence means living in the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen) without any trips outside the U.S. that last 6 months or more.

Physical presence requires that you have been physically present in the U.S. for at least half of the required continuous residence period—30 months for the 5-year requirement, or 18 months for the 3-year requirement if married to a U.S. citizen.

Applicants must demonstrate the ability to read, write, and speak basic English and pass a civics test on U.S. history and government. Exceptions are available for certain applicants based on age and time as a green card holder.

The process begins by filing Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, along with required documentation and the filing fee. After submission, you will be scheduled for biometrics, an interview, and a citizenship test.

The interview includes a review of your application, questions about your background, and the English and civics tests. The officer will also assess your eligibility for naturalization.

Bring your green card, passport, state-issued ID, any documents listed in your interview notice, and any other documents that support your application (e.g., tax records, marriage certificates).

The Oath of Allegiance is a formal declaration of loyalty to the United States that must be taken by all naturalization applicants. After taking the oath at a naturalization ceremony, you officially become a U.S. citizen.

If you have been outside the U.S. for 6 months or more, it may disrupt your continuous residence, and you may need to provide additional evidence to maintain eligibility. If outside for over a year, special steps like filing for a reentry permit may be required.

Yes, if your children are under 18, are lawful permanent residents, and are in your legal and physical custody, they may automatically become U.S. citizens when you naturalize.

If you fail the English or civics test, you will be given another opportunity to take the portion of the test you failed, usually within 60 to 90 days of your initial interview.

If denied, you can appeal the decision by filing Form N-336, Request for a Hearing on a Decision in Naturalization Proceedings, or reapply if your circumstances change.

Yes, you can travel, but ensure you meet the continuous residence and physical presence requirements. Notify USCIS if you plan to be away for an extended period.

Benefits include the right to vote, the ability to apply for a U.S. passport, eligibility for federal jobs, protection from deportation, and the ability to sponsor relatives for immigration.

The U.S. allows dual citizenship, but some countries may require you to renounce your original citizenship upon becoming a U.S. citizen. Check with the relevant country’s embassy or consulate.

Yes, you can request a name change during the naturalization process, and if approved, it will be granted at your oath ceremony.

You can apply for a U.S. passport immediately after your naturalization ceremony. You will need your Certificate of Naturalization to do so.

Qualifying abuse includes physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, psychological abuse, financial control, threats, intimidation, and other forms of extreme cruelty.

Yes, as a U.S. citizen, you can sponsor certain relatives, including spouses, children, parents, and siblings, for immigration to the U.S.